Technical articles on industrial and hygienic piping, fittings, flanges and standards.
How hygienic tubing differs from industrial pipe, 304L or 316L, Ra surface finish and SF1–SF6 designations, and a comparison of ASME BPE, 3-A, JIS G3447, SMS, DIN 11850 and ISO 1127 – with a tube size lookup tool.
How do Class (ASME), K (JIS) and PN (EN/DIN) differ? How to read pressure–temperature ratings, worked examples of rating selection, and why flanges from different standards do not fit together.
Identify common pipe fittings (elbows, tees, reducers, olets, couplings, unions, flanges) from photos and compare the pros and cons of butt weld, socket weld, threaded, flanged, hygienic clamp and grooved connections.
How industrial piping is classified by material (carbon steel, stainless steel, plastics, FRP), manufacturing method, connection type and ASME, JIS, DIN standards – with practical notes from the TNI workshop.
