How do Class (ASME), K (JIS) and PN (EN/DIN) differ? How to read pressure–temperature ratings, worked examples of rating selection, and why flanges from different standards do not fit together.
Identify common pipe fittings (elbows, tees, reducers, olets, couplings, unions, flanges) from photos and compare the pros and cons of butt weld, socket weld, threaded, flanged, hygienic clamp and grooved connections.
How industrial piping is classified by material (carbon steel, stainless steel, plastics, FRP), manufacturing method, connection type and ASME, JIS, DIN standards – with practical notes from the TNI workshop.
